Frambuesa

Penn State Extension, 'Bramble Disease - Verticillium Wilt' (Kathy Demchak), extension.psu.edu/bramble-disease-verticillium-wilt (read 2026-07-12): 'Verticillium wilt is caused by two common soilborne fungi (Verticillium dahliae and Verticillium albo-atrum) that have a wide host range'; 'To minimize disease, choose a planting site with no known history of this problem. Avoid land recently planted with tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants, peppers, strawberries, raspberries, or stone fruits'; 'There are no effective fungicides for management once the plants are in the ground'; 'The number of years required to eliminate verticillium, especially the resting spores from the soil, is unknown.'

UMass Extension, New England Small Fruit Management Guide, 'Brambles - Diseases', ag.umass.edu/fruit/ne-small-fruit-management-guide/brambles/diseases (read 2026-07-12): 'Verticillium attacks a wide range of plants, including potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, eggplant and strawberries. It overwinters in the soil and on plant debris. Do not plant [raspberries following these crops].'; 'Non-host crops such as corn or wheat can help eliminate the fungus if grown for at least 2 years before planting raspberries.'

Host range / persistence corroborated by the source already cited on another rule here: NC State Extension, 'Verticillium Wilt of Tomato and Eggplant' (read 2026-07-11): 'The pathogen can survive in the soil without a host for up to 10 years in the form of structures called microsclerotia'; 'affects more than 300 host families.'

Penn State Extension, 'Bramble Disease - Verticillium Wilt' (Kathy Demchak), extension.psu.edu/bramble-disease-verticillium-wilt (read 2026-07-12): 'To minimize disease, choose a planting site with no known history of this problem. Avoid land recently planted with tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants, peppers, strawberries, raspberries, or stone fruits'; 'There are no effective fungicides for management once the plants are in the ground.'

UMass Extension, New England Small Fruit Management Guide, 'Brambles - Diseases', ag.umass.edu/fruit/ne-small-fruit-management-guide/brambles/diseases (read 2026-07-12): 'Verticillium attacks a wide range of plants, including potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, eggplant and strawberries.'; 'Non-host crops such as corn or wheat can help eliminate the fungus if grown for at least 2 years before planting raspberries.'

Host range / persistence corroborated by NC State Extension, 'Verticillium Wilt of Tomato and Eggplant' (read 2026-07-11): microsclerotia survive 'up to 10 years' and the pathogen 'affects more than 300 host families.'

University of Maryland Extension, 'Growing Raspberries and Blackberries in a Home Garden', extension.umd.edu/resource/growing-raspberries-and-blackberries-home-garden (fetched in-container 2026-09-02; read by the maintainer 2026-09-02): 'Choose a planting site at least 300 feet from wild brambles, a potential source of diseases.'

UNH Extension, 'Growing Fruits: Raspberries and Other Bramble Crops', extension.unh.edu/resource/growing-fruits-raspberries-and-other-bramble-crops-fact-sheet (fetched in-container 2026-09-02; read by the maintainer 2026-09-02): 'Destroy all wild bramble plants within a distance of 600 feet of the site if possible, to reduce the possibility that viruses might spread to your planting.'

UMass Extension, New England Small Fruit Management Guide, 'Brambles: Viruses', ag.umass.edu/fruit/ne-small-fruit-management-guide/brambles/viruses (fetched in-container 2026-09-02; read by the maintainer 2026-09-02): 'Plant your raspberries away from any wild brambles which may be harboring viruses that could be spread to your plants'; 'A distance of at least 600 feet between cultivated raspberries and any wild brambles is recommended'; 'However, some raspberry varieties are resistant to aphid feeding and are thus somewhat protected.'

Penn State Extension, 'Aphids on Raspberries in Home Gardens', extension.psu.edu/aphids-on-raspberries-in-home-gardens (fetched in-container 2026-09-02; read by the maintainer 2026-09-02): 'Aphids can retain the virus for several hours and are very efficient at transmitting the virus from plant to plant; a single feeding probe by a single aphid suffices'; 'The maximum distance that aphids travel is unknown, but if an aphid is picked up by a stiff breeze, it can be carried for miles'; 'Eliminate virus-infected wild and cultivated raspberries'; 'Maintain 500 to 1,000 feet between new plantings and virus-infected wild and cultivated raspberries.'

UMN Extension, 'Viruses of backyard fruit', extension.umn.edu/garden-and-home/yard-and-garden/gardening-in-minnesota/yard-and-garden-problems/viruses-of-backyard-fruit (fetched in-container 2026-09-02; read by the maintainer 2026-09-02): 'Before starting a new fruit planting, remove or kill any wild brambles, old raspberry plants and weeds at the site.'

Iowa State Extension, 'Planting Raspberries in the Home Garden', yardandgarden.extension.iastate.edu/article/2013/04-12/raspberry.html (fetched in-container 2026-09-02; read by the maintainer 2026-09-02): 'If possible, remove all wild brambles near the new raspberry planting to prevent the spread of disease.'

University of Illinois Extension, Hort Answers, 'Raspberry (Rubus idaeus and R. occidentalis)', web.extension.illinois.edu/hortanswers/plantdetail.cfm?PlantID=283&PlantTypeID=10 (fetched in-container 2026-09-02; read by the maintainer 2026-09-02): 'Plant in elevated areas away from trees and buildings, and away from wild brambles to avoid viral diseases.'

Univ. of Maryland Extension, 'Growing Raspberries and Blackberries in a Home Garden', extension.umd.edu/resource/growing-raspberries-and-blackberries-home-garden (read 2026-08-22): 'In the second growing year, those one-year-old canes, now called floricanes, produce flowers and fruit on main stems and laterals (side branches)'; 'Floricanes die after fruiting and must eventually be removed because they will not produce another harvest or survive a second winter'; 'When plants are dormant, remove the dead floricanes that fruited the previous season'; 'When removing dead, fruited canes or excess primocanes, make the cuts at ground level so that the dead stubs do not protrude where they can harbor canker-causing fungi'; 'Primocane-bearing raspberry and blackberry cultivars produce fruit on first-year canes.'

Univ. of Illinois Extension, 'Pruning and Training Raspberries', extension.illinois.edu/small-fruits/pruning-and-training-raspberries (read 2026-08-22): 'primocanes are first year growth and in second year they grow into floricanes which bear fruits'; 'Floricanes are cut after harvest'; 'Primocanes that will bear fruits the following year are thinned to avoid competition'; 'For a single late season crop harvest, canes are cut very close to the ground in December to February.'