Puerro

UMass Extension, 'Alliums, Fusarium Basal Rot', umass.edu/agriculture-food-environment/vegetable/fact-sheets/alliums-fusarium-basal-rot (fetched in-container 2026-09-02; read by the maintainer 2026-09-02): 'Rotate away from alliums for at least 4 years'; 'Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae is a soil-borne pathogen that overwinters as chlamydospores (thick-walled survival spores) buried in the soil'; affects garlic, leeks and onion.

Colorado State University Extension, 'Soil-Borne Diseases of Onion', extension.colostate.edu/resource/soil-borne-diseases-of-onion (fetched in-container 2026-09-02; read by the maintainer 2026-09-02): 'Do not plant onions more than once every five years in a field'; its Table 1 lists a rotation of less than 4 years as favouring damping-off, smut, pink root, Fusarium basal rot and stem and bulb nematode; 'Soil-borne fungal pathogens and nematodes can persist for many years in previously infected onions.'

Univ. of Maryland Extension, 'White Rot of Onion and Garlic', extension.umd.edu/resource/white-rot-onion-and-garlic (fetched in-container 2026-09-02; read by the maintainer 2026-09-02): 'Rotation alone will not control white rot because sclerotia can survive in the soil for 20-40 years'; 'white rot only infects Allium species.'

UMass Extension, 'Alliums, White Rot', umass.edu/agriculture-food-environment/vegetable/fact-sheets/alliums-white-rot (fetched in-container 2026-09-02; read by the maintainer 2026-09-02): 'White rot survives in soil in the form of sclerotia, which are dense masses of fungal tissue. They may remain viable in soil for 15 years or more without allium hosts.'

University of Illinois Extension, 'Time Your Vegetable Plantings by Cold Hardiness' (2018-03-26), extension.illinois.edu/blogs/ilriverhort/2018-03-26-time-your-vegetable-plantings-cold-hardiness: very hardy vegetables 'withstand freezing temperatures and hard frosts without injury' (planted earliest in spring); frost-tolerant vegetables 'can withstand light frosts, but not freezing temperatures' (planted a couple of weeks later). LLM-summarised from a read of the page; it establishes the CATEGORIES but states no week offsets.

Colorado State Univ. Extension, GardenNotes #720, 'Vegetable Planting Guide', extension.colostate.edu/resource/vegetable-planting-guide (read 2026-07-25): hardy vegetables go in 'As early as 2-4 weeks before the date of the average last spring frost'; semi-hardy 'As early as 0-2 weeks before the date of the average last spring frost'; tender from seed 'around the date of the average last spring frost'; very tender 'Typically 2+ weeks after'. This is the source that states the offsets in weeks.

Where this rule sits in that range: hardy at 3 weeks is mid-range of CSU's 2-4. Half-hardy at 2 weeks is the EARLIEST EDGE of CSU's 0-2 - the most aggressive planting CSU sanctions, not the middle of it. The rule is inside published guidance at both ends, but it leans early on the half-hardy side and a gardener following it in a cold spring is taking that boundary.

Do not import an offset from another publication's hardiness scheme without checking the category names: CSU has no 'very hardy' tier, so a '4-6 weeks before frost' figure written against a four-tier scheme does not describe CSU's 'hardy'. Categories are not comparable across sources.