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Artichoke · Cynara cardunculus · familia de las asteráceas · USDA PLANTS: CYCA
De un vistazo
Las reglas y las notas de cosecha de esta página están traducidas automáticamente del inglés; sus fuentes, algunas notas y los títulos de las guías siguen en inglés.
Alcachofa (Cynara cardunculus) es una planta perenne (familia de las asteráceas).
También se conoce como Globe Artichoke.
Lo que la semilla necesita antes de brotar.
Cornell University, Cornell Garden-Based Learning / CALS growing guide, 'Globe artichokes', gardening.cals.cornell.edu/garden-guidance/foodgarden/vegetable-growing-guides/globe-artichokes-growing-guide (fetched in-container 2026-09-20, read by the maintainer 2026-09-20 via the batch-3 germination review): the structured guide gives 'Germination temperature: 70 F to 80 F', stored [21, 27] (70-80 F = 21-27 C). The Cornell page is titled for globe artichoke, which is the same species as this record (Cynara cardunculus, Scolymus Group). FLAGGED ESTIMATED: Cornell labels the field 'Germination temperature' and does not specify it is a SOIL temperature, and this field is germination_soil_temp_c. No pre-sow soak or scarification is stated, so no seed_treatment is recorded. [read]
Cornell University, same page and fetch as germination_soil_temp_c (read by the maintainer 2026-09-20): the guide gives 'Days to emergence: 8 to 12'. Stored [8, 12]. [read]
Cornell University, same page and fetch (read by the maintainer 2026-09-20): the guide states 'Seed can be saved 6 years.' Stored 6. [read]
These are estimates from general gardening knowledge, or the sources disagree on them, so treat them as a starting point rather than a firm figure.
Mecanismo: Nucleación de hielo en el tejido de la hoja.
Evidence: settled without a trial - climatology.
Siembra o trasplanta después de la fecha de la última helada, o empieza en interiores y trasplanta cuando haya pasado.
Mecanismo: Las zonas codifican la temperatura mínima invernal media anual, que determina si una perenne leñosa sobrevive hasta la primavera. Es la magnitud equivocada para una anual, que nunca llega a ver el invierno. Una zona demasiado cálida es un segundo mecanismo, distinto. Los inviernos suaves no matan a una perenne; no le dan el frío que necesita. Los frutales caducifolios necesitan un periodo de latencia invernal para brotar y dar fruto, así que en una zona más suave que aquella a la que está adaptada una planta, esta puede sobrevivir y nunca producir. Solo se aplica el extremo frío, porque solo la supervivencia invernal se deduce de lo que mide una zona; el extremo cálido es un consejo, no un rechazo. Ese límite cálido pertenece a la variedad, no a la especie, y ese es el límite honesto de lo que esta regla puede hacer. El requisito de frío se publica por variedad y varía muchísimo dentro de una especie, así que un techo a nivel de especie dice "el rango modelado no llega a tu zona", nunca "ninguna planta de este tipo te dará cosecha". Por eso, por encima de su rango, el planificador sigue ofreciendo la planta, con el consejo de elegir una variedad clasificada para tu zona, en lugar de rechazarla.
Evidence: confirmed against 3 sources in the research-based literature.
THE FLOOR IS TRUE BY DEFINITION and needs no citation: the USDA system defines a zone AS a band of average annual minimum winter temperature, so 'a plant colder-hardy than your zone survives your winter' is the definition restated. This rule was `verified_trivially` on that basis alone until 2026-07-26. THE CEILING WAS NEVER COVERED BY IT - a minimum-temperature definition says nothing about a plant failing for want of chill - and that gap is why ISSUES #13 exists. The pointer below closes it.
OSU Extension EC 1303, 'Growing blackberries in your home garden' (Bernadine Strik), catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/sites/catalog/files/project/pdf/ec1303.pdf (read 2026-07-26). THE CEILING'S MECHANISM, STATED: 'Winter cold-hardy cultivars adapted to the colder regions of Oregon (such as zones 5 to 7), may not grow normally in regions of the Willamette Valley (zone 8) where winters are warmer and plants receive less winter chill.' A plant failing in a WARMER zone for want of chill - which is what this rule's upper bound enforces and what no source said until now. THE SAME PAGE MAKES IT A CULTIVAR PROPERTY: 'Even cultivars within the same type (trailing, erect or semierect) differ in fruit quality and flavor, appearance, tolerance to pests, cold hardiness, and plant longevity', and the remedy it gives is the one this rule's rejection text now repeats: 'Minimize risk by choosing types and cultivars that are adapted to your hardiness zone.' The page then publishes a table of sixteen cultivars EACH WITH ITS OWN ZONE RANGE, which is the strongest available evidence that a species-level band is an approximation. [read]
WHAT THIS DOES NOT SETTLE (amended 2026-09-24). The mechanism is named, but the corpus carries ONE band per species where the source carries one per cultivar, so the warm limit is explained without being precise. That is why, since 2026-07-26, the planner treats the warm end as advice rather than a refusal: above a species' band it still offers the plant and says to look for a cultivar rated for your zone, never that nothing will crop. Every species band now records what its sources say, though most are still marked estimated.
Mecanismo: La pudrición basal (Rhizoctonia solani) y el moho blanco de la lechuga (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum y S. minor) sobreviven en el suelo como micelio y esclerocios durante años y se acumulan donde la lechuga se repite; un descanso de tres años mantiene a raya la pudrición basal. Los hongos del moho blanco infectan también aliáceas, brasicáceas, solanáceas, cucurbitáceas y leguminosas, así que una rotación de la lechuga los frena sin matarlos de hambre, y solo los cereales son tierra segura.
Evidence: confirmed against 4 sources in the research-based literature.
Cornell Vegetables, 'Do Rotations Matter within Disease Management Programs?', vegetables.cornell.edu/pest-management/disease-factsheets/do-rotations-matter-within-disease-management-programs (fetched in-container 2026-09-02; read by the maintainer 2026-09-02): its rotation table gives lettuce bottom rot (Rhizoctonia) 3 years and drop (Sclerotinia) 3 years.
NC State Extension, 'Lettuce Drop', content.ces.ncsu.edu/lettuce-drop (fetched in-container 2026-09-02; read by the maintainer 2026-09-02): 'Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and S. minor have a wide host range infecting allium (onion, garlic), brassica (cabbage, broccoli), solanaceae (pepper, potato), cucurbits (cucumber, squash), lettuce, and sweetpotato crops'; 'Cereals (maize, wheat, sorghum) are less susceptible to these pathogens'; 'the broad host range of both pathogens significantly limits the efficacy of crop rotation.'
Utah State University Extension, 'Drop (Sclerotinia Rot)', extension.usu.edu/planthealth/ipm/notes_ag/veg-drop-sclerotinia (fetched in-container 2026-09-02; read by the maintainer 2026-09-02): 'The sclerotia can survive dormant in the soil for extended periods'; 'S. sclerotiorum affects a wide range of hosts, including root crops, legumes, and solanaceous crops however, drop is specific to lettuce'; rotate 'with nonsusceptible crops such as grains or corn to reduce disease build-up.'
UMass Vegetable Notes 2024 vol. 36:2, umass.edu/agriculture-food-environment/vegetable/newsletters/vegetable-notes/vegetable-notes-2024-vol-362 (fetched in-container 2026-09-02; read by the maintainer 2026-09-02): bottom rot - 'Rhizoctonia survives in the soil, as mycelium or sclerotia'; lettuce drop - 'It produces sclerotia that can survive in the soil for many years'; 'Its host range includes many vegetables such as tomato and beans.'
Planta la lechuga y su familia en otra tierra, o espera a que pasen 3 años desde la última vez que esta tierra las tuvo. Donde ha aparecido el moho blanco, el descanso que cuenta es uno de granos o maíz, ya que la mayoría de las hortalizas lo portan, y las plantas muertas van a la basura, no a la composta: los esclerocios sobreviven a ella.
Mecanismo: Un cultivo sensible a las heladas con muchos días a la cosecha no puede madurar si solo se siembra directamente después de la última helada — la ventana sin heladas es demasiado corta. Una ventaja inicial bajo cubierta compra las semanas que le faltan a la temporada; la plántula solo se trasplanta una vez que ha pasado la helada — la fecha de trasplante sigue dependiendo de la helada.
Evidence: confirmed against 2 sources in the research-based literature.
University of Minnesota Extension, 'Starting seeds indoors', extension.umn.edu/planting-and-growing-guides/starting-seeds-indoors: seed-starting chart gives tomato '5-6 weeks' and pepper and eggplant '9 weeks' before the outdoor planting date (warm crops set out after the last frost). Read 2026-07-19 (LLM-summarised); read by the maintainer 2026-07-25, which is the read that promoted this rule. Note what the corpus's per-crop values do with the sources: tomato 6 sits at the top of Minnesota's '5-6 weeks' and inside Illinois's '6-8'; pepper and eggplant 8 sit BELOW Minnesota's '9 weeks' and at the top of Illinois's '6-8'. They are a reconciliation of two published ranges, not a figure either source prints.
University of Illinois Extension, 'When should I start my seeds?' (2023-02-10), extension.illinois.edu/blogs/good-growing/2023-02-10-when-should-i-start-my-seeds: peppers, tomatoes, and eggplant started '6-8 weeks before the last frost'. Read 2026-07-19.
Otras 119 reglas dependen de tu huerto y no de la planta — rotación de cultivos, fechas de helada, sol, distancia entre plantas y suelo. Velas todas.
Milpa Gardens. "Alcachofa (Cynara cardunculus)." https://milpa.garden/es/plants/cynara-cardunculus/
A garden-planning corpus: every claim states its evidence grade and links its sources on the page. Cite it with the grade, and add the date you read it.